executive summary of ugc minor research project of shri shelak pravinExecutive Summary of UGC Minor Research Projact of Shri Shelak Pravin (Librarian)
Annexure A
Impact of ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ in Arts and Commerce Colleges of Tribal Areas in Gujarat
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MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT
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LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE
[File No:23-380/12(WRO)]
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Executive Summary
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Submitted to
University Grant Commission
Western Regional Office, Pune
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By
Principal Investigator
Shelak Pravin
Librarian
Shri K. R. Desai Arts & Commerce College
Jhalod, Dist.: Dahod (Gujarat)
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Summary
Title of the Research Project:
Impact of Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan in Arts and Commerce Colleges of Tribal Areas in Gujarat
- Preface
Twenty first century has been entitled as an era of knowledge society. Knowledge is the power through which a man can accomplish his work easily and with little efforts. To develop knowledge, information is the prime necessity. Hence for knowledge as well as information reading is a must. The gradually decreasing habit of reading amongst people, especially the students, has been proving an obstacle in the development of the society. Knowledge can be acquired only through extensive reading. Explaining the importance of reading, the then Chief Minister of Gujarat, Shri Narendra Modi (2011) says, “Reading has extraordinary powers. Readings makes you to think. Reading can never be unproductive. Reading explores your thought process. Incites our inner conscience which ultimately becomes the base of the energy of the man’s development…..†The significance of reading has been accepted since ages. One of the greatest philosopher Francis Bacan writes,
“Reading maketh the full man,conference a ready man and writing an exact man.â€
The significance of books for reading has also been recognized since ages. Thomas Carlyle says,
“The true university of these days is a collection of books.â€
Fankoish Fenelon also puts reading and book ahead of government. He writes,
“If the crowns of all Europe were laid down of my feet in exchange for my books and my love for reading, I would spurn them all.â€
As such, a number of philosophers, writers and scientists have described the significance of reading. Thus it is necessary to check the declining habit of reading in the contemporary society. In order to tern people towards reading, the Chief Minister launched a programme “Vanche Gujarat†during the Golden Jubilee year of Gujarat state from May 2010 to April 2011. The objective of the programme was that every Gujarati ‘tends to read a lot, thinks and develop.’ The intention of the programme was to make India one of the best nations of the world, in which Gujarat provide necessary leadership and inspiration. Along with this main objective, the other objectives included were that Gujaratis keep on reading, the seeds of reading are sown in children and they get inspired for reading and to create a new impression that Gujaratis are ‘reading lovers’ by erasing the established impression that Gujaratis don’t read. This movement was started as an innovative public revolution with eleven different programmes. Targets were fixed for different categories at different levels. Prizes were declared at various stages as a motivating force. To provide leadership at school and college levels ‘Granth Sarthis’ were appointed. Committees were formed for various programmes and the news of this innovative public revolution to go on in full swing with new enthusiasm and innovative activities were received from mass media, online and printed media. An increase in the number of readers at school, college and public libraries was seen. However, the reality of such news on mass media was a big question. The targets were achieved but to what extent did it influence the public is not clear. It is an acceptable fact that every curious person would like to know the answers to the questions that how much, what and for what did the different classes of the society read and what was its effect on the readers and the public. Whether they continued reading even after the completion of ‘Vanche Gujarat’ programme or not? If they have continued to read, whether the habit of reading has been developed among them or not ?
As a curious librarian, I eagerly wanted to know that to what extent the experiences were shaped in the researcher as ‘Granth Sarthi’ during ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ programme, his hypothesis, expectations and the outcome were true. The curiosity could be subsided only through a proper research. Hence the present research work has been carried out.
- Objectives of Research
A research work is not possible without specified objectives of the study. The research work can be carried out keeping some predefined objectives at the centre.
According to Young, Pauline (1966), there are three main objectives of a research:
- To search and verify facts
- To search relationships between facts
- To establish a scientific principle
Keeping in mind the above broader objectives, the following objectives have been defined for the present research work :
- To study the utility and the various programmes of ‘Vanche Gujarat’ drive.
- To study the primary information of the students of colleges in the research area.
- To find out that how far the students of the colleges in the research area have participated in the drive.
- To know the proportion of the participants in the various programmes of ‘Vanche Gujarat’ drive.
- To find out that which programme out of the various programmes under the drive proved to be most effective.
- To find out that with which objective and what type of books did the participants read during the programme and the following years.
- To find out the participation of the students, organization of the various programmes of the drive and their impact during the following years of the ‘Golden Jubilee’ year.
- To find out about the success achieved by the participants in the drive.
- To make suggestions for the development of reading habits among Gujarati people.
- Need and Significance of the Study
The research works are not carried out only to get degrees in Universities and colleges. Research works must be useful regarding social, economic and academic development. The development of the society depends on research. The developmental leap of all the western countries after the Second World War was due to the expansion of research. Hence, research should be supporting to national development. Research must give new values, policies, solutions to problems and instructions/ suggestions useful in decision making. The research must be carried out with proper methodology along with being capable to present a factual picture of the various characteristics, short comings through the findings of the areas of study. The samplings, tools of research, data collection method, analysis system etc. must be scientifically carried out. It is necessary for a researcher to have experience and in depth knowledge of the subject, skill and intelligence of interpretation, analysis and listing of the findings.
The reasonability and significance of the present study can be accepted on the basis of following points:
- Reading is a necessary primary activity for knowledge orientation. The personal development so acquired leads to social and national development.
- It is necessory to examine that to what extent did ‘Vanche Gujarat’ programme proved to be successful in the colleges of tribal areas ane what type of and what impact did it have on the students of these colleges.
- It is necessary to examine whether the money, time and human energy spent for the success of the programme proved to be useful or not.
- It is also necessary to examine whether the students of colleges in the tribal areas have continued reading practice even after the completion of the tenure of the programme after one year.
- The significance of the study can be accepted as it provides a supplementary support to the government research survey carried out in 2011 which was limited only to one year 2010-2011, the tenure of the programme. The present study surveys the impact of the programme in the succeeding years too.
- The study may provide constructive suggestions regarding the development of lifelong habit of reading among Gujaratis – ‘Vanchatu Rahe Gujarat’.
In light of the above genuine reasons the need of the present study has been accepted. Hence, it has been planned to carry out the study scientifically with appropriate research methodology.
- Research Hypothesis
Hypothesis is an approximated statement or a presumption by the research for some specific conditions and a pre-decided time period. It is a statement based on the relationship between an independent and a depended variable, which needs to be proved. The hypothetical statement is decided on the basis of certain standard evidences and reading of the literature. The hypothesis statement is either accepted or rejected after examination.
The following hypotheses have been expressed for the present study:
- Grant-in-aid colleges have lesser impact of ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ drive in comparison to government colleges.
- Non-tribal students have more participated in the drive.
- The effect of ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ drive in colleges has receded in the succeeding years after 2010-11.
- The effect of ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ among students has also receded in the succeeding years.
- Research Methodology
Along with sample selection, the researcher must clarity that how minutely and how deeply the study has been carried out. The tenure of the research indicates the past or the present condition. Some of the surveys are carried out to study the conditions of the past. But, majority of surveys are carried out only for the present condition. However, it is necessary to show the time period for which the study has been carried out. Besides time period, geographical area limits must also be indicated. The findings of some of the research show variation according to geographic conditions.
Primary data collection is the heart of survey methodology. The information must be latest, genuine and must have been collected from authorised sources through direct contact. Usually in surveys, the information is collected through the following three tools:
- Direct observation technique
- Personal meeting/ interview technique
- Questionnaire techniques
Direct observation and personal interview technique being inconvenient and impossible, the primary information has been collected only through questionnaire technique for the following factors :
- The responsive group has been spread all over Gujarat. Hence, it was difficult to collect information through personal meetings/ interviews or direct observation technique. It was easier and faster to collect information through questionnaire technique.
- The present study required only statistical data which was impossible to collect through direct observation technique.
- Questionnaire technique is economical and may get high response from educated respondents.
- The researcher being in service it was difficult to collect information through personal interview in a limited period. The use of questionnaire technique was more feasible.
- Limitations of the Study
Scope and limitations are the compliments of each other. The define scope of research helps the leaders to decided to usefulness. It also lead the research in a decision making of inclusion and exclusive aspect of the subject. Investigator must decide the scope and limitation at the initial stage of the research. Here investigator has defined the research scope as under.
The experts believe that to admit the limitation in the research is noted drawback. Of course universal research is an ideal thing but it is always not possible. So every researcher admits limitations in tams of subject area geographical area and time period.
The following limitations have been observed:
- Reading is an art through which skill can be acquired and it needs certain necessities. The present study does not include the study about the sources of such facilities.
- The number of colleges and the students of the area of research being too large, only limited samples have been selected.
- The samples have been collected only from the students of 35 colleges out of total 50 colleges in the area of research.
- The colleges established during or after 2010-11 have not been included in the present study.
- Only the books that have been read are considered as a reading material in the present study. Reading of periodicals, booklets, e-journals and e-books has not been considered.
Considering the above limitations, the research work has been carried out.
- Chapterization
The study report has been devided into the following seven chapters :
Chapter 1.       Introduction
Chapter 2. Â Â Â Â Â Â Review of research literature
Chapter 3. Â Â Â Â Â Â Tribal culture and the tribal areas of Gujarat
Chapter 4.       Reading and reading habit
Chapter 5.       ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ – An Introduction
Chapter 6.       Analysis of data and interpretation
Brief introduction to the chapters mentioned above are as follows:
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CHAPTER 1 :INTRODUCTION
Reading is a mental activity. The necessity of reading has been accepted for the basic need of national development through social development in the course of personal development through spread and of knowledge. Reading is the primary step not only for knowledge enrichment but activation of imagination power as well and new thoughts.
The significance of reading gradually started increasing with the spread of education in every country and different social communities. Educated people adopted the reading habit as a routine activity for recreation, acquiring knowledge, new information and utilization of leisure. During student life students also do extracurricular reading for enrichment of knowledge, skill development, entertainment and preparation of competitive exams. Professionals read for the upgrading knowledge in their respective fields, housewives usually read about home making and senior citizens read for religious and spiritual contentment along with recreation.
However, with the advancement of science and technology, initially the entertaining media like radio and television came into existence which resulted into people’s diversion from reading to this media. The advent and increasing use of internet, web technology, mobile phones with smart features has resulted into decline in the proportion of reading in the society. Reports of various surveys also confirm that reading habit has been declining gradually in the society. As per the findings of the survey carried out by National Council of Applied Economic Research in National Book Trust (2010), 75% of the educated youths do not read anything other than their course books. The results of the research show that it is really very difficult to compete with TV and internet technology in developing reading habits.
A similar survey, on behalf of the British Council, was carried out by Baker (2013). According to the findings of the survey, 73% of the youths in the age group of 13 – 35 are educated, which is 27% of the total population of India, but only 25% of the youths regularly read. The maximum reading material, 33.4%, used by the readers is in Hindi language, the second place goes to Marathi language with 13.2%, the third place goes to Bengali language with 7.7%, the fourth place is achieved by English language with 5.3%. The reading class in Gujarati language goes even below 5.3%. It has, therefore, been a great concern for educational institutions and all those who are really concerned for the development of the society.
CHAPTER 2 : REVIEW OF RESEARCH LITERATURE
This chapter deals with the review of research literature. For this, books, national and international research reports, research papers and proceedings of conferences etc. were read and analyzed. The review and analysis of international survey include the three stage survey on public libraries at international level by Briony Train (2002), member of permanent committee in the reading department of IFLA. The national surveys included for review and analysis include the surveys carried out by Pave Research Internet Project in America, National Reading Campaign a Access Copy Right in Canada, Chinese Academy of Press and Publication in China, National Literacy Trust in UK, Australian Council for Arts in Australia and National Council of Applied Economic Research under National Book Trust in India. Along with these national and international level surveys, a number of research papers have also been reviewed and analyzed. All these surveys and research papers have focused on the declining reading habits among people, especially youths, and the suggestive measures to increase the reading habit and use of libraries.
CHAPTER 3 :TRIBAL CULTURE AND THE TRIBAL AREAS OF GUJARAT
           Gujarat is the fifth state in India in reference to the population of tribal people. Various tribes live in Gujarat. The tribal population in Gujarat has been scattered over the hilly Eastern strip which is also known as the Eastern tribal strip. There are 29 sub castes of tribal that live in Gujarat. Tribal people have been living, since ages, on hills, mountains and in forests. Hence, they have also been called ‘Girijano’, ‘Bhumijano’, ‘Vanvaasi’, ‘Vanjan’, ‘Dugariparaj’, ‘Pahadvaasio’, ‘Vanyajati’, ‘Vanraj’, ‘Aaranyak’, ‘Raniparaj and ‘Aadivaasi’. Various sociologists have defined tribals in different ways.
Gujarat, situated on the Western coast of India, is a state of varieties of religions, languages, costumes, food, physical features and social life. The tribal of Gujarat have been termed as ‘Scheduled Tribes’ as per the Act 342 of the Constitution of India. The tribal population in Gujarat is mainly scattered in Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Aravalli, Panchmahal, Dahod, Mahisagar, Chhotaudepur, Bharuch, Nrmada, Surat, Tapi, Navsari, Dang and Valsad districts.
CHAPTER 4 : READING AND READING HABIT
Reading is an integral activity of life. Those, who read regularly, understand gradually that it has become a routine activity for them like eating. It has been observed that libraries play a vital role in the reading habit of people.
Libraries are the temples of knowledge where knowledge thirst of people, students and researchers is quenched through acquiring, collecting and issuing of books and other reading materials. The significance of libraries increases in the modern times in comparison to the older times as the proportion of literacy has been increasing. Use of Information and technology has been spreading, and most of the activities of common man have been becoming based on knowledge and information. Expressing the significance of libraries, American expert in humanities, Prof. Cousins, Norman (1954) comments, “A library is a delivery room for the birth of ideas, a place where history comes to life”.
Hence, the libraries must try to increase its use along with collection, because regarding the elementary role of libraries, it has been said, “To build up library is to create life. It is never just a random collection”. According to Sydney Sheldon, “Libraries store the energy that fuels the imagination. They open up windows to the world and inspire us to explore and achieve and contribute our quality of life”.
We find such statements of experts in the literatures of all the languages of the world, which shows the significance of libraries and their use. Today, when the use of internet has been increasing and ‘Google’ affecting the readers to move away from libraries, the moral responsibilities of librarians also increase. The librarian has been considered as the custodian of information and knowledge in the era of ‘Google’.
CHAPTER 5 : ‘VANCHE GUJARAT ABHIYAAN’ – AN INTRODUCTION
           Twenty first century is the century of knowledge. The, then Chief Minister of the state, Shri Narendra Modi dreamed that let us all resolve in the golden jubilee year of the state that an unlimited hunger for knowledge gets ignited into us. Reading is a big base for the development of human life in the era of knowledge. Good books always lead us on the right path. Acquiring knowledge is the hunger of the soul, which is satisfied through reading. Reading educates, builds and broadens the horizons of human beings. Today, the roots of many of our limitations lie in the thoughtlessness, which arises due to lack of reading.
- ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ :
           It was decided that the golden jubilee year of the state be celebrated as ‘Vanche Gujarat’ to motivate people to inculcate the habit of reading and to ensure that the drive continues even during the succeeding years. Committees, with public participation, were appointed at taluka, district and state level for the implementation of the drive. A 25 member executive committee was appointed at the state level by the state government for the management and policy making decisions of the drive.
- ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ : Various Activities (Programmes) :
- Talk on “The book I like”
- Best Reader Competition
- Floating Books Project
- Books Exhibitions
- Book March ( Granth Yatra)
- Inspirational Assemblies
- Thought Fairs
- Thinking-Reading Camps
- Book Study and Cerebration Project (“Street talks on thought provoking books” by a group of students)
- Programmes for Schools and Colleges:
4170 trainers were trained at 10 places in the state for ‘Thinking-Reading’ camps. 9,16,446 students were motivated and trained in 8380 ‘Thinking-Reading’ camps. The state committee organized about 200 ‘Inspirational Assemblies’ for students and teachers. Guidance was given to more than100 lakh students and teachers. Training camps were organized at universities for about 1000 college teachers.
CHAPTER 6 : ANALYSIS OF DATA AND INTERPRETATION
           This chapter has been divided into two parts. The first part deals with the data collected about the implementation of ‘Vanche Gujarat’ programme in colleges. The data has been collected through questions in 11 sections. 35 (70%) out of 50 colleges in the tribal area were selected as samples to fill the questionnaire to examine the impact of the programme. The second part deals with the data collected from the students through a questionnaire that contains 55 questions. To examine the impact among students, the questionnaires were sent to 39 colleges. However, 350 filled questionnaires could be received back from 35 colleges. The data collected through questionnaires in both the sections has been analyzed and interpreted in various sub-sections as per the objectives.
The tables have been prepared using SPSS (Statistical Programming for Social Sciences) v16 software. The collected data has been classified on the basis of the type of college and the various programmes of ‘Vanche Gujarat’. Along with the tables the analyzed information (data) has been represented through bar graph, pie graph, line graph etc. Double variable (Bi-variable) tables have also been prepared to find out the correlation coefficient between two variables. Due to language limitations in SPSS software, some of the words in Gujarati have been presented through script translation. Part A presents the analysis and interpretation of college questionnaire and Part B presents the analysis and interpretation of users’ questionnaire.
CHAPTER 7 : COCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS/ SUGGESTIONS
           The following conclusions and recommendations have been derived from present study:
- Findings of the Research :
- In the tribal area of Gujarat, the area selected for study, 68.6% of the colleges selected are grant-in-aid colleges and 31.4% of the colleges are government colleges.
- 7% of the colleges run courses only up to under graduate level where as 34.3% of the colleges run courses up to post graduation level.
- The number of colleges having strength up to 500 students is 4, where as the number of colleges having the strength of students from 1001 to 1500 is 13, which is about 37.14% and the number of colleges having more than 2500 students is only 1. The average strength of students is 1199.73.
- The percentage of colleges in which average 0-10 students participated in the talk ‘The Book I Like’ is 48.58%, whereas percentage of the colleges in which more than 40 students participated is 17.14%. Thus, the average of students is low.
- The percentage of colleges in which up to 100 students participated in the ‘Best Reader Competition’ is 62.85%, whereas the colleges in which more than 300 students participated is only 5.72%.
- The percentage of colleges, in which maximum 1 student reading more than 50 books in the ‘Best Reader Competition’, is 48.57%, whereas there are only 8.57% of colleges in which the maximum 4 students read more than 50 books. Thus, the number of students who read more than 50 books is very less.
- The percentage of colleges, which continued organizing ‘Best Reader Competition’ during the succeeding years of the ‘abhiyaan’, is 28.6%. Hence, the proportion of programme being organized in the succeeding years is negligible.
- The percentage of colleges which floated maximum 10 books under the ‘Floating Books Project’ is 48.57%, whereas the percentage of colleges floating more than 40 books is 14.29%. The average during the project year is 43.49 and during the succeeding years is 15.5238. This shows a decline during the succeeding year.
- The percentage of colleges which organized average 1 book exhibition is 74.29%, whereas the percentage of colleges organizing more than 4 books exhibition is 5.71%. The number of colleges having average 200 student beneficiaries in the exhibition is 68.57% whereas the number of colleges having more than 400 student participants in the exhibition is 17.15%. The number of books exhibitions and participant students is very less.
- The number of colleges organizing average one book march (granth yatra) is 2.9%. The number of colleges having maximum 50 student participants in the book march is 54.29%, whereas the number of colleges having more than 200 student participants is 5.71%. The average number of student participants is 60.
- The number of colleges organizing at least 2 ‘thought fairs’ is 88.57%. The number of colleges having average more than 11 students presenting their thoughts is 11.43%. The proportion of students attending thought fairs is very less.
- The number of colleges having average one group under the ‘Book Study and Cerebration project’ is found to be 62.85%. The number of colleges having maximum 25 books read by the groups is 82.86%.
- The number of colleges having maximum two street talks by the groups under the ‘Book Study and Cerebration project’ is 71.43%. The number of colleges conducting more than 6 street talks is 11.43%.
- Lack of enthusiasm among teachers and other employees, amounts to maximum 34.3% and average 28.6%. Lack of enthusiasm among teachers and other employees is one of the responsible factors.
- The number of books amounts to 57.1% which cannot be considered as inadequate and cannot be taken as a responsible factor.
- The factor that there was no expectation from the government/ university touches maximum to 45.7%. Hence, it can be considered responsible to some extent.
- The number of book fairs has increased as average 42.9% and maximum agreeable 51.4% has been found. It has also been found that the number of visitors in book fairs has also increased.
- There has been a change in the attitude towards reading. People have started purchasing books.
- An increase in the number of readers in libraries has also been found. It can be seen that the students have started doing extracurricular reading.
- The teachers have started extra reading and the librarians have also started motivating people for reading. The librarians have started organizing various activities.
- 6% of colleges have completely agreed and 31.4% have agreed to a great extent that there has been an overall rise in the ratio of reading in Gujarat.
- It has been seen that due to ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ tribal people have started reading and the reading habit has developed among the students.
- There has been an increase in the curiosity of the tribal people to know anything new. A change has been seen in their life styles and thinking.
- In arts faculty the number of respondents is 77.4%, out of which 43.1% are girls.
- The number of respondents who liked the programmes conducted under ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ is 98.6%.
- The number of respondents participating in the various programmes of ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ in decreasing order is in book exhibition 49.1%, talk on ‘the book I like’ 48.3%, thinking-reading camps 44.3%, best reader competition 33.7% and inspirational assemblies 31.7%.
- The number of respondents offering 2 to 5 books in the floating books project is 53.1% and that of offering more than 5 books for reading is 10.9%. The number of books offered for reading under this programme is less.
- The number of respondents participating in books exhibitions is 72% but 34.9% of these exhibitions are of local level.
- The speeches of writers, doctors, advocates in the thinking-reading camps have been very less in comparison to that of teachers 37% and professors 21%.
- 7% participated in essay competition but 24.9% in elocution and 12.3% in quiz. Whereas the students who moved ahead after participation in the competition is 16%.
- The number of respondents joining together in the ‘Vanche Gujarat’ programme is 66.6%.
- The number of respondents having rise in the reading habit due to this programme is 93.4%.
- The use of libraries is found to be 88.6% and the daily percentage is 22% after this programme.
- During this drive, school, colleges and public libraries have proved to be very useful which amounts to 93.7%. This means that the libraries have become live.
- Suggestions of the Research:
- The number of colleges in the tribal areas is less which should be increased and education upto post graduation should be ensured in these colleges.
- The ratio of teachers in proportion to the strength of students is inadequate which must be increased.
- The government should try to organize periodical book exhibitions so that the readers become aware about new books.
- Expert lectures and talks should be telecast through BISAG to address the students’ questions and confusions regarding careers.
- KCG should continue ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ like ‘UDISHA’ to maintain the reading habits of students.
- The government should increase books for reading and the financial resources.
- The time period for the programmes should be selected by the government in such a way that it does not disturb the other activities of college.
- Such programmes would prove fruitful only if every institution has a huge modern library with a qualified staff.
- To develop the reading habits among tribal people, libraries should be established in small villages.
- There should be an easier system so that large number of people get membership of libraries.
- The drive should be continued even after 2010 – 2011.
- Books should be made available to passengers in ST buses for reading.
- The participating institutions be increased at state level to make such programmes successful under the public partnership.
- The impact of ‘Vanche Gujarat Abhiyaan’ has decreased/ declined after 2010 – 2011. So, it should be made permanent and compulsory.
- Library and Information science should be introduced as a foundation or soft skill subject at under graduate level in semester system.
- The information about the advantages of library should be made available to the students at the time of admission in a college.
- The programme ‘The Book I Like’ should be conducted every year in colleges with efforts to attract maximum participants.
- Best Reader competition should be organized at college level to ensure continuous reading by students.
- The floating books project should be continued with increase in the number of floating books.
- The number of books exhibitions should be increased. It should be ensured that book sellers and publishers organize book exhibitions at colleges.
- Book March (Granth Yatra), Inspirational Assemblies and thinking – reading camps be organized in colleges at regular basis.
- Expert talks should be organized to address the confusions and questions of the students regarding career.
- Book study and cerebration programmes be increased and more street talks be conducted.
- Along with the cleanliness activities of NSS in villages, awareness regarding the significance of reading in life be brought through talks and street plays.
- The literature of the interest of students be made available to attract than towards reading.
- The students must be made aware about the current trends through seminars on competitive exams.
- Elocution, essay writing, thought of the day, drawing and quiz must be organized at college level and it should be ensured that maximum numbers of students participate.
- Employees of different institutions should be invited to visit the library.
- The student must be motivated to become members of the public libraries of their village or a nearby location.
- The students be taken to visit other libraries, and the teachers should introduce the students with the best books and authors of different fields.
- Bibliography
During the research work, the investigator study some books, research papers, articles, thesis, newspapers and website regarding his research topic. The investigator prepare references have been arranged as per APA format.
- Annexure
The investigator has been given the following annexure in thesis.
Questionnaire for Colleges, Questionnaire for Students and List of Colleges.
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   (Shelak Pravin)
Principal Investigator          Â
Shri K. R. Desai Arts & Commerce College,
   Jhalod, Dist.: Dahod (Gujarat)